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klacfcartfti[f UbfBkfkqf - 2 ( klacfcargfkqf pbfbiy oR vitftiyacma[ vicarA]) ci Kmarparti ;kf kdfDAryi[f Mtlf pKtiyilf ;nft Nabf$]fFlf, 'mT cMtaytftilf "bfpdfd mabfbgfkqf pbfbiy<mf `Av 'mfmilf "bfpDtfti vRmf takfkgfkqf pbfbiy<mf cil vixygfkAq '[T k]fE]adfdtftilf KbipfpidfFRnfEt[f. ;nft MAb klacfcarmf '[f$lf '[f[ '[fb EkqfviAy pi[fpbfbicf eclfkiEb[f. evqinadfFlf vaZmf 'mT ;[tftvrf 'tirf ekaqfQmf pircfcA[Ay m[tilf eka]fD ;nft EkqfviAy `}KkiEb[f. ;T '[fA[pf pbfbi naE[ ucav<mf oR 'tft[ipfp<. ;At oR vAkyilf Kbipfp<kqf '[fBta[f ecalfllamf. MbfBpf ep$t kdfDAr. klacfcarmf ' pbfbicf ' ecalfvT '[fpT Ackfkiqf OdfDvAtpf " pbfbipf p<tftkmf "f 'ZTvT matiritfta[f. Ackfkiqf Odfdpf pzkiytilff 'pfpFEya vizamlf Od MFkibT. ~[alf ;At ecabfkqilf viqkfKvtbfK nIy>dfd[f ;ykfkviylilf etadgfki pal[fsf p]f}vT vAr vipripfptbfK ~yirmf pkfkgfkqf EtAv. klacfcarmf '[fpT `dfAd ~yirgfkalilf UrfvT matiritfta[f. 'nftkf kaAl Mtlf 'DtfT AvtfT, `DtfT 'nftkfkaAl etadrfnfT AvpfpT '[fB Ekdfdalf EpacfC. ;nftkf EkqfvikfK ptilf ka]MFyamlf ta[f `dfAd UrMFyamlf CR]fD viDmf '[fBmf ecalfvT]fD. klacfcarmf '[balf '[f[ '[fb EkqfviYy<mf ;pfpF ya[Tta[f. 'mfmilf UbiyiRkfKmf mrp<kqf pzkfk vzkfkgfkAq ;[mf k]fD ekaqfQtEl Orqv< kxfdma[ vixymf. ~[alf `Av naqanft vazfkfAkyilf 'mfmilf "bfpDtfTmf viAqv<kAq ecabfkqilf eka]fD vRvT `Atvidkf kF[ma[T.;kf kdfDAr 'ZTmf epaZT ta[f ecabfpirEyakmf pbfbi Kzpfpmf "bfpdfdT. ;pfpFya[ kdfDArkqilf mikv<mf tidfdvdfdma[ kRtfTkfkqf eka]fd ecabfkAq pavikfk MFvtilfAl. ;tilf tiRtftmilflat ecabf pirEyakmf tvirfkfk MFyat eva[fB. "e[[ilf ;vfvAkya[ ecabfkqf catar] pavA[ vzkfkilf evvfEvB `rftfttfAt epBki[fb[. cnftrfpfptfTkfK tkfkpF mabfbmAdki[fb[. ;gfK pirEyakikfkpf pDmf viwfwa[cf ecabfkQkfK mdfDmf ecmfAmya[ Enrf `rftfftmf u]fD. '[fbaLmf mbfAby ecabfkqiLmf Orqv< k$rf kadfFyiRkf kiEb[f. MFnftvAr kdfDArEy ecabfkQkfK pi[f[aLqfq EkadfpaDkAqcf CdfDmaB Akya]fFRkfkiEb[f. kdfDArAy Enrak eka]fD eclfl ;nft uxarf EtAvyakibT. klacfcarmf '[fpT uqf m[ ;ykfkgfkqf etadrfpa[ vixymf. ;nftmatiriya[ vixygfkqilf `biv<p>rfvma[ (intellectual ) kdfDArkQkfK 'lfAl mikv<mf KBkiyT. `Tv<mf ecylf mdfdtftilf upEyakmf KAbv<. ;At 'Ztikf eka]fD vRmf epaZT ;nft upEyakmbfb t[fAmAy u]rMFnftT. ;vf vixygfkqilf "bfk[Ev Ubipf Epa[ parfAvkAq mabfb MFvtilfAl.. etadrpfak pl vixygfkqilf EtAvybfb Kzpfpmf cYMktftilf miKtiyak ;RkfkibT. '[T k]fE]adfdtfAt "bfBkf ekaqfqa vidfdaLmf, cYMktftilf nilvi vRmf cil Mr]fpaDkQkfK `Amti ka]fpT `vciymf '[fpAt plRmf mBkfkmadfdarfkqf. nita[mak cinftikfk Ev]fDmf '[fpAty<mf mBkfkMFyaT.1. klacfcarmf - `t[f epriy pdmf klacfcarmf '[fpT pl Nabf$]fD kaltfT m[pf pFma[mf (conditioning). ";T" pl pl pAdkqak (layer by layer ) m[tilf ptivakiyiRkfkibT. ;vbfbilf 'T u]fAmya[ tmizfkfklacfcarmf, 'Av pib klacfcartf takfkgfkqi[f viAqv<kqf '[fpvbfAb ;pfepaZT `BtiyidfDkf Pb MFvtilfAl. `pfpF `biv<jIvitmak paK pDtft MFnftaLmfPd, ;Av "bfk[Ev UbipfEpa[ m[pfEpakfKkqf '[fptalf `vbfAb namf vilkfKvTmf Clpmlfl. klacfcarmf '[fkib epaZT ;tilf 'nftpf pAdAy (layer ) pbfbi PBkiE$mf? ~gfkiElyrf kalmf, EpatfTkfEkyrf - olflanftrf kalmf, ~riycf ckfkrvrftftikqf kalmf, naykfkrf - paAqykfkarrf kalmf, Ecazrf- YMEvnftrf kalm,f nay[fmarf kalmf, '[ nI]fDvirinfT, oR pFyak cgfk kaltfT KBnil m[f[rfkqi[f pbmfp<mAlyilf Epayfcf cikfkla[ Nalf pnftaki viDmf. ;tfTd[f emakcwfctaEra - hrpfpaAvy<mf etadrfp< pDtfti[alf `dfAd matiri CRq Ev]fFyTta[f. namf viRmfpi[aLmf viRmfpavidfdaLmf Pd, ;Av 'lflavbfbi[f ktmfpmf ta[f ;[fAby klacfcarmf. ;vbfbi[f "Eta vitma[ EcrfAvyi[f odfD ematftma[ viAqv< ta[f ;[fAby "namf'. ;nftkf kRtfAtpf plRmf ~Ematipfparfkqf. ;Av 'mT " m[tfAt " mdfDmf patikfkvilfAl. `At vid ~zmak ptinftiRkfkibT. EmEladfdmak ;vbfAb vilkfkivid MFy<mf '[ namf ']f]lamf.~[alf, ;nftkf EcrfAvEy 'mT nrmfp<tf etaKtiymf (nervous system), ;Avta[f 'mT YMAqyi[f wapkkf klgfkqf (memory cells of the brain) '[fptalff, `rciylfvatikqf ecalfvT Epa[fB Clpmak ;vbfAbkf kAqeyDkfk MFyaT. ;Rptamf Nabfba]fFlf epaRqatarmf '[fb oR kar]iEy 'pfpF eylflamf nmf mtipfpIDkAq mabfbi vidfdT '[fpAt M[fp< parftfEtamf. '[Ev, namf 'vbfAbtf tmizf klacfcarmff '[fB Akkfekqfq Ev]fDmf '[fptbfK etqiva[ ptilf PbMFyaT. ;tbfK cnftrfpfptftibfK "bfbvaB, ovfevaR EnrMmf ovfevaR ptilf PBEvamf. ;nft vixymf tmizfkf klacfcartfti[f tkAmAy KAbtfT vidaT, '[fpT '[f kRtfT. ;pfpFya[ EkqfvikQkfK pl mdfdtftilf ptilfkqf `AmvT ta[f ;ylfpa[T.;gfK PbiyT klacfcartfti[f epriy pdmf. Mpfpti[ayirmf `F uyrtftftiliRnfT p>miAy parfpT Epa[fbT. mik `]fAmyiliRnfT parfpAt vid ;T oR tiRtftma[ k]fE]adfdtfAtkf ekaDkfkibT. ;tfTd[f `]fAmpf parfAvAyy<mf - `tavT ytarftfttfAty<mf - oRgfkiA]tftalf cikfkla[ ;nft vixytfti[f t[fAm etqivaKmf. 2. `AdyaqMmf p]fp<mf - oR viqkfkmf klacfcarmf pbfbi KbipfpiDmf epaZT, `Adyaqmf, p]fp<,<< ;ylfp< ~kiy ecabfkqf vzgfkpfpdfD vRki[fb[. `Adyaqmf '[B KbipfpiDmf epaZT, mbfbvrfkqiliRnfT 'mfAm tmizrf '[fB EvB pDtfti kadfDvtbfK uriy cil p<bcf ci[f[gfkAq pirkfAw p>rfvmak (Ev]fDem[fEb) uRvakfKmf uqf Enakfkmf etrikibT. ;cf ecalf kalpf Epakfkilf 'gfkQkfK ;ylfpak "bfpdfDvidfd tmizf `AdyaqgfkAqy<mf Kbikfk py[f pDkibT. p<bcf ci[f[gfkqi[f EtAvAvAyEya, `lflT EtAvyi[fAmAyEya - EmLmf ;vbfbi[f EtabfBvayf Epa[fb vixygfkqf EvB. klacfcartfti[f uqfqdkfkmf EvB. uqfqdkfkmf pbfbiEy Mtlilf parfpfEpamf. '[Ev etqiv< kRti, p]fp< ;ylfp< '[fpAv viEcxmakkf klacfcartfti[f uqfqdkfktfAt KbipfpiDvtak ;gfK niymitfTkf ekaqfEvamf. p]fp\aD '[fpT klacfcartfti[f tmizf epyrf. u]fAmyilf ;cf ecalfEl na[f ;gfK Pbi vRmf vixygfkQkfKpf epaRtftma[T. catar]mak klacfcarmf '[f{mf epaZT p]fpadfF[f evqipf paDkqa[ ~dlf padlf cgfkItmf Epa[fbvbfAbEy kRtftilf eka]fFRkfkiE$mf. ;vbfAb 'lflamf uqf ni[fB ;ykfKmf mtipfpIDAq evqicfctftibfK eka]fD vRvT `vciymf. "A[[ilf 'gfkqf pircfcA[kqi[f Amymf ;gfKta[f ;Rkfki[fbT. klacfcartfAtpfpbfbi EmLmf `rftftp>rfvmak ecalfvtbfK m[mf cinftA[ ~kiy[ pbfbicf cibiT PbEv]fDmf. kdfDAryi[f EpakfKkfK ;T `vciymakibT. 3. uqfqiRnfT pirvakikfKmf ndtfAtkqf ndtfAt ( behaviour) '[fpT, oR cnftrfpfptftilf 'vfvaB ndnfT ekaqfkiE$mf '[fptaKmf. ;T viwfwa[cf ecalf. ;tbfK catar] emazi vzkfAk vid ecmfAmya[ `rftftmf kbfpikfkpf pdfFRkfkibT. namf u]rfvalf, varftfAtkqalf, udmfpalf 'vfvaB oR cvaAl 'tirf ekaqfkiE$mf? '[fpEt ndtfAt. na[f KbipfpiDvT catar] maYMlf vixygfkqilf namf ndkfKmf MAbAypf pbfbi `lfl. utar]mak Kclmf vicaripfpT, EvAl ecyfvT Epa[fb vixygfkqf EmEladfdmak ndnfT viDki[fb[.kv[itfTpfparftftalf, oR Kbipfpidfd VzfniAl cnftrfpfpgfkqilf ndtfAt (behaviour ) '[fb vixymf, `[icfAcyakEv (reflex action) t[f[abfblakEv (autonomous) pl ;Bkfkma[ kdfdgfkqilf ndnfEtbiviDki[fb[. ;Av epaTvakEv vazfvi[f Mkfkiyma[ tiAckAq nirf]yikfKmf kdfdgfkqilf ndnfTmf viDki[fb[. ;pfpFtfta[f ndnfTekaqfq Ev]fDmf '[fB M[fPdfFEy EyacitftaLmf oR uqf unftlilf `tftR]mf 'pfpFEya `rgfEkbi critftirmaki MFnfTviDkibT. pi[f[alf `Atpfpbfbi cinftitfT ;pfpFcf ecyftiRkfklamf `pfpFcf ecalfliyiRkfklamf '[ ~raylaEm tvir epritak 'Tv<mf ecyfyMFvtilfAl. ;T krf][f prCramridmf epbfb capmf Epa[fbT. `tiMkfkiy k]tftilf pirmfmasftirtftibfK uyiYRdfDmf mnftirmf mbnfTEpayfvidfd kAtyakibT. ;T ta[f vitipfpy[f '[fB cmata[mAdkiE$mf. cilEvAq `rfcfC[[i[f paCptmf Epalf Kbitv$T kcfcitmak ;lkfAk yAdkibT. `pfepaZEta, parftftIrfkqa '[T tibAmAy '[ marf tdfFkfekaqfkiE$mf.;nft ndtfAt '[fpT, uqfqiRnfT pirvakitfT, pirkfAwp>rfvmak (consiciously) kdfDpf pDtft MFyamlf plcmymf evqipfpDkibT. uqf pFma[gfkQkfEkbfp evqi ecylfkqf "bfpDki[fb[. ;Av 'pfpF "bfpDki[fb[ '[fpT pbfbikf PBmf citftanftgfkqf pl u]fD. `ktibfKmf p<btftibKmf uqfq etadrfp< pbfbiy citftanftgfkqf ;Av. ndtfAtkqilf cil `mfcgfkqf cnftti nibYMrfttftalf (jI[fsf - KEramEca[fkqf ;tftiyati) kdfDpfpDtftpf pDki[fb[. EvB cil ciBvyTpf pzkfk vzkfkgfkqi[alf ptiy AvkfkpfpDki[fb[.f EvB cil p]fp<kqf klacartfT nI]fdkal vzipfpDtftlalf (parmfpriymf) t[f[abfblak "bfpDvtakv<mf kRtpfpDkibT. ;pfpFya[ viqkfkgfkqf cmy mrp<vziyakv<m,f viwfwa[ rItiyakv< epaTvakEv mf j[rwfckmakv<mf "bfBkfekaqfqpf pdfFRkfkibT. ;nft viqkfkgfkqilf cil nvI[ uqviylf ( psychological ) EkadfpaDkqf. cil mrp< vzikf ekaqfAkkqf. pFma[gfkqf '[fpT uqf m[tftil ptiyAvkfkpf pdfFRkfki[fb[ '[fpAt plRmf "bfBkfekaqfvarfkqf. ;At unconscious `lflT uqf m[ ;ylfp< '[fB KbipfpiDEvamf. uqfqiRnftpFEy ndtfAtAy ;pf pFma[gfkqf (unconscious conditioning) unfTki[fb[. pirkfAwp>rfvmak pibkfKmf vartfAtkqf, 'gfkqf kdfDpfpadfFLqfq ']f]gfkqf ~kiyAv nmT naqanft maYMlf vivkargfkQkfK epaRnfTmf. kaEradfDvT, capfpiDvT Epa[fb catar]cf ecylfkAq ;gfK KbipfpidvilfAl. ;Av vazfkfAkyilf pircfcA[ `tikmilflat oR cibiy pKtiEy.;Av tvir 'gfkqf pirkfAw ;[fbiEy pl ']f]gfkqf evqivRki[fb[. k[v< ;pfpFya[ oR evqipfpaDta[f. unfTtlf u[f{tlf '[fB ;gfK KbipfpiDvT, pirkfAwkfK 'dfdat tqtftiliRnfT pibkfKmf cinftA[kqf u]rfv<kqf ~kiy[ evqiEyBmf MAbAykf KbipfpiDkibT. ;Av ;pfpF unfTki[fb[ '[fpAt namf `cf cmymf u]RvtilfAl. u]rfnftaLmf pl cmymf `Dtft k]mf Enrpf EpavAtkf kdfDpf pDtft MFvtilfAl. MDkfkividpf pdfd epamfAm Epalf ;nft pFma[tftibfK "bfp ;ygfKki[fE$mf, '[fpT ;nft uqviylf mbBmf mrp< rItiya[ EkadfpaD. parmfpriytftalf, cYMk pzkfk vzkfkgfkqalf "bfpDmf takfkgfkqf ;nft ndtfAtAy unfTmf ckftiyilf k]icma[ pgfK vkikfki[fb[. ;T pbfbiy mrp< vzikf k]fE]adfdmf pFma[tfAt paK pDtftaml,f odfD ematftmak, ttfTvarftmak, viA[, UzfviA[ '[fB KbipfpiDvT mrp<. M[f Pbiy `mfcgfkqf 'lflavbfAby<mf uqfqdkfkiyT ;nft MZAmya[ prrfAv. `tavT cnftti nibYMrftgfkqf, ciBvYyT pFma[gfkqf, klacfcar p]fpaD ~kiyvbfbi[f MZAmya[ patipfAp ematftmak viA[ '[fB Kbipfpifdlamf. ;nft parmfpriy EkadfpadfFbfKmf nvI[ uqviylf, mbfBmf mRtfTvmf PBmf EkadpaDkQkfKmf vitftiyacmf u]fD. UzfviA[ '[fpT kar] kariygfkQfK kdfDpf pDmf ttfTvmf. (Principle) . ;t[f pF, namf ecyfy<mf ecylfkqi[f viAqv<kqf, `tbfK "bfpDmff 'tirf viAqv<kqf '[ pl u]fdaki oR vAl Epa[fB pi[f[pfpdfFRkfkibT. m[mf ;nft vAlkfKqf ecylfpDkibT. ;Tta[f `t[f ;ylfp<. ;nft viA[ '[fpT ~bfblf vayfnft CBCBpf p<qfq ( Active ) ttfTvmak kRtpfpDkibT. viA[ey[fpT ta[akEv cnftrfpfpgfkqf cvalfkAq ;ZtfTkf eka]fD 'gfkqf M[f vRmf '[ptak _tIkmf. " UzfviA[ uvnfT vnfT uBtfTmf '[fpTmf... c>zfviA[cf cilmfp< kar]mak " '[kibT cilpfptikarmf.ecabfkqf viqkfkgfkqf '[fp[ m[pf pFma[tfti[f pirkarmfta[f evqipfpDki[fb[. ~[alf `t[f mBtAlyak ( the reverse) EkadfpADkqalf uqf m[tfAt ~zmakpf patikfk MFyaT '[fpT mrp< vzikf kRtfT. ecabfkAq, cinftA[kAq mIbiy ckftikqf ~zf m[tibfK u]fD '[f{mf kRtfT mrpilf mikv<mf vliy<Btftpf pDkibT. ;kf kRtfAt nvI[ uqviyLmf Orqv< "bfBkf ekaqfkibT.nvI[ EkadfpaDkEqa ev[ilf ;nft pFma[gfkAq `mcdkfkma[Avyak kRTki[fb[. ;At oR - passive principle ~k kRTvT Embfktftiy EkadfpaD. `tavT evqiyiliRnfT vRmf cvalf cnftrfpfpgfkQkfkak katftiRkfKmf ttfTvmak ;T kRtpf pDkibT. `nft `nft Enrmf 'Zmf cnftrfpfptftibfK "bfp ;Av ndtfAtAy unfTki[fb[. `tavT cnftrfpfptfAt eyadfF ;Av uqfqiRnfT ;pfpFcf ecyf '[tf tkvlf ekaDkfKmf passive ;ykfkmak kRtpf pDkibT. ;T tvir cnftrfpfptfAt 'gfkqf M[f eka]fD vRmf ~bfblf pbfbi ;Av 'Tv<mf ecalfvtilfAl.;nftkf EkadfpadfDkqilf cil `FpfpAd vitftiyacgfkqff ;Rkfki[fb[ '[fpAt mdfDEm ;gfK KbipfpiDkiEb[f. EmLmf m[pf pFma[gfkqf p]fpaDkqf pbfbi..... ;nft m[pf pFma[gfkqf '[f{mf vixytftibfK, vivcay etadrfp<qfq viA[cf ecabfkqa[ pt[idpfpDtlf, p]fpDtfTtlf, ~bfBpf pDtftlf, vzipfpDtftlf ~kiyAv pavikfkpf pDki[fb[. ;At vid ptiyAvtftlf ( "dfFlf ptiv<, nadakfkqilf ptiv< ) '[b kRtfTd[f vzgfkpf pDkibT. ;[fAby `rftftfttilf Programming, conditioning, '[fBmf vzgfkpf pDkibT. kv[ikfKmf epaZT, ;Av 'lflaEm "tavT etazilf cmfpnftma[ oR upEyakma[ EnrftftiAy - oZgfK MAbAy tapikfKmf ecabfkqf '[fpT etrikibT. ;Av YMAqAy emlfl emlfl vzipfpDtfTmf ecyAlcff CpfFkf kadfDki[fb[. ;vbfAbeylflamf pKtftbiv< YMlmak Ev]fFyvaB mabfbi `Amkfklamf '[fpT OR vatmf. ndtfAtkAq mabfBvT KbitfT ;Av Epa[fb citftanftgfkqf plpf pl. ~[alf ;Av yav<Em Ev]fFy mabfbtfAt "bfpDtft nAdMAbyilf tvbi viDki[fb[.na[f M[[rff Kbipfpidfd vixymf klacfcartfti[f pFma[gfkqf Ndfpma[Av '[dptaKmf. ;vbfAb EmAdpf Epcfcalf, pdfFm[fbgfkqi[alf, nAkcfCAvEyaD MFv< kdfdMFyaT. Clpmak vcpf pdat N}kfkma[ vixymf ;T. m[tftqvilf mdfDmi[fbi nrmfp<m]fdlmf YMAq, u]rffv<kqf, '[ epqtikrItiyakv<mf ;Av 'mfAm ekdfF pDtftividfd[.p]fpaD '[fpT ~zma[ nIEradfdmf. ~[alf namf epaTvakEv klacfcarmf, tmizrf p]fpaD '[fB KbipfpiDvT vctikfkak CRkfkpfpdfd cil vixygfkEq. `tavT Clpmak nagfkqf Akyaqkf PFyvbfAb mdfDEm 'DtfTkf eka]fD viDkiEbamf. ;t[alf ;nft vixymf Clpma[T '[fb oR j[rwfckma[ `rftftmf "bfpdfDvidfdT. ;nft `rftftfTd[f '[kfK Mr]fpaD ;lfAl. ~[alf ;nftkf kdfDAryilf ;nft `rftfttfAt EmLmf viriv< pDtftiyiRkfkiEb[f. p]fpaD '[fpT ndtfAtkqf, pariy cinftA[kqf ~kiyvbfAb UkfKvikfKmf tqmf '[fB AvtfTkf ekaqfEvamf. ;pfpFya[ viriv< pDtftpfpdfd `rftftmf pAzy kalmf etadkfkmf nmT p]fpadfFlf vzgfkpfpdfD vRkibT. ;nft ;dtftilf ni[fB mI]fDmf, tmizfkfklacfcarmf '[f$lf '[f[ ? '[fb EkqfviAy nItiya[ MAbyilf 'Zpfpipf paRgfkqf. pdfFylak ;pfEpaT ptilf vraT. nita[mak Eyacikfk Ev]fFyt[f `vciymf etriy<mf. ;nft nita[tfAt vrvAzpfpTta[f kdfDAryi[f oR KbikfEkaqf. ;pfpFcf cikfkla[ vixytfti[f EtAvta[f '[f[? ;Atpfpbfbi cinftipfptilf '[f[ py[f? tmizf klacfcarmf '[feblflamf namf ecalfli miA[kfkDvT vI]a? ~dfAdkf kFcfC, madfAdkf kFcfC kAdciyil,f ;vrf nmfm tmiAzEy........ vicarA]Ey ;pfpF EpakibT. 4. OR ;[tfti[f EtcIymf mkfkqf Pdfdmf oR cMtaymak vaznfT vRvT, vaz Ev]fFyT critftir u]fAm. ;T oR EtAv Pd. mkfkqf Pdfdmf (tribes) oR `Ampfp<qfq cMtaymak ( society) pri]ammf epBvtbfK epaTva[ emazi, epaTva[ nAdy<Ad pavA[kqf EtAvpfpDki[fb[. tdfp evdfpmf, cAmylf capfpaD, cati c[mf, vazfkfAk enbi '[ pl NaliAzkqf EcrfnfT oR ;[mf '[fB uRvakibT. plkalmf eka]fD ekaDtfT vziMAbyak vazfnfT vRmf epaZT p>miy<d[f viEcxma[ patfyAty<]fdakibT. ;nft patfyAt ngfPrmf Epa[fb sftirtfAt cYMktftibfK `qikfkibT. ;nft vziyalf oR ;[mf Etciy `nftsfTd[f `gfkIkrikfkpf pDkibT. ;nft `nftsftfAt ulktftiliRnfT epbfB viDkibT.;pfpFyakEv pri]ammf (evolved) epbfb EvB `ylf ;[gfkQd[f `tfTmIblfkqf, epaRqatar ~tikfkmf Epa[fb enRkfkFkqf critftirrItiyak "bfpDmf epaZT ;[tfti[f tbfpaTkapfp<kfkak<, t[fma[ u]rfcfcikqf epagfKki[fb[. pl Nabf$]fDkqf cil cibpfpa[ p]fp<kQd[f cMtaymak vazfnft ;[mf '[fb oEr oR vixyEm ;[tftibfK ;nfttf enRkfkFyilf Etciy u]rfAv u]fdakfkiviDkibT. ;tbfK EvB `tikpfpFya[ niyaypfpDtftlf `vciymilfAl. tmizrfkqf ;nft vAkyilf EparaDvEt, `vrfkqf oR Etciy ;[mf '[$kiviDkibT. ;T oR fait accompli. `tavT - MFnft kariymf.;tf Etciy u]frfv<kfK `FpfpAd 'riepaRqf parmfpriy vazfAkMAbyiliRnfT ta[f CvBkibT. 4. mbtftibfka[ klacfcar ;lkfk]mf oR ;[tfti[f epaRqatar - klacfcar paTkapfp<kfK evqiyiliRnfT ~ptfT '[fB vRmf epaZT Eparadfd tqmf '[f{mf mbkfkqmf ( conflict zone ) Eta[fBkibT. ;nft Eparadfd mbkfkqtftilf tmizf '[fpT paTkakfkpfpd Ev]fFy pl vixygfkQkfK oR `Adyaqmaki viDkibT. ;nft niAlyilf tmizf, klacfcarmf pbfbiy ~zma[ vimrfc[gfkqf "bfBkf ekaqfqpf pDvtilfAl. oR KrmfAp u]rfEv (gut feel), `pima[Em Ev]fdpfpDvT. EparfkfekaFya[T Eparilf u]fcfciy<d[f o[fB tirqfvtbfK oR `Adyaqmf. ;t[f `rftftmf kqtftilf `vciymilfAl. ;gfK klacartftilf p<[ittfTvmf t[itfTvmf '[fp[ ;Rpfptak ekaqfvT vZ`Amti- pavA[. ;nftcf cibpfp<kqf vasftvmak ;Rkfkibta, ;lfAlya '[fpT EvB vixymf. ~rmfp kal tiMk pircargfkqf, ;AtEy niYRpikfki[fb[.;gfKmf kqtfti[f EtAvkfkak parmfpriy vixygfkqf py[fpDtftpf pDki[fb[. enRkfkF niAl '[f{mf epaZT "Eta oR vAkyilf cMtaymf pl kalmakcf cIrzinfT ;nft niAlkfK vnftiRkfkibT '[fEb `{ma[ikfk Ev]fFytayiRkfkibT. `AbPvlfkAq criya[ pF 'tirf Enakfk MFyaAm ;nft enRkfkF "bfpdf FRkfklamf. ;At Mbfbak mAbtfT epRAm EpCvT ytarftftftibfK otfT vraT. '[Ev ;pfpFya[ cIrzivibfK kar]ma[ vixygfkAq tmizibfK p<bmfpa[ klacfcargfkqalf, tmizfmIT ti]ikfkpfpdfdAvyak ekaqfqpfpDvT EparfkfkqtfT y<tfti. ~kEv `rciylf rItiyak cIrftiRtftmf "bfpDtfTvtbfK pzAmyi[f cil `mfcgfkqf VzfniAlkfEkbfp mBkfkpfpDvTmf vzAm. ~[alf ;Aveylflamf tmizi[f cIrf ;qAmAy patikfkamlf parftfTkf ekaqfvarfkqf. ;Aveylflamf mbtftibfka[ klacfcar ;lkfk]mf. ;nft Eparadfdcff VzfniAlyi[f `vcrmff, pl vixygfkAq tiravid ;ykfkgfkqi[f EpakfKkQkfK ;]gfKmaB vikarpfpDtfti viDvTmf u]fD. p<lmf epyrfnft tmizcf cYMktftilf ;nft tmizpima[mf matiriya[ u]fv<kqf, mtipfpIDkqf vzkfkiliRpfpT ~cfcriymlfl. "e[[ilf evqinaDkqilf nagfkqf KFEybiyEt ;nft Eparadfdmf kar]maktfta[f. ;nft ytartfttfAt mBpfpEta `[fbi ;TEv MFva[T '[fB PBvEta crfcfAckQkfEk ;dEmbfpDtfTkibT. "e[[ilf, ;nft u]rfv< ErAk '[f[iLmf ODkibT. ;At `tbfKriy u]rfv< niAlyilf `gfkIkritfT vidfD Embf eclfkiEb[f. 5. p<b `Adyaqmf oR ;[tfti[riliRnf mbfe$R ;[tfAt EvB pDtfti `Adyaqmf kadfDvtbfK ;lgfAk ;nftiy niAlkfkq[ilf emazi Mkfkiy vixymakibT. "e[[ilf ;gfK, (Kbipfpak ;nftiyavilf) vazfAk MAbkqil,f cmy nmfpikfAkkqilf pariy vitftiyacmf k]fD ekaqfq MFyat niAlyilf emazi ;tbfK ;lkfkakibT. EmlfnaDkqilf ;nftiy upk]fdtftiliRnfT KFEybiy 'gfkQkfK nibmf oR Mkfkiy `AdyaqmakividfdT. ;T piAzya[ pitiplipfpak 'gfkQkfK pdlamf. ~[alf `Adyaqgfkqf epaTvakEv p<bcf cMtaytfti[ralf oR ciBpa[fAm ;[tftvRkfK VdfdpfpDkibT. `vrfkqi[f Enakfkilf `vrfkqf EtAvkfkak "bfpdfdT. 'gfkAq Clpmak EvBpDtfTvtbfK uriy vaB ;T "bfpDtftpfpDkibT. `AdyatftibfK EnrFya[ `rfttfTd[f EvB pl ;lflat epalflat K]aticygfkQmf kbfpikfkpf pDki[fb[. ;t[alf cYMktfti[f cil plvI[gfkqfPd ;fnft `Adyaqgfkqf mIT ~vak[pfpDtftpf pDki[fb[. ;pfpFyak `AdyaqtftibfK `tik `rftftmf j[rwfckmak kbfpikfkpdfD vRvT Trtirfxfdmf. epaRqatar `rciylf enRkfkFkqf "bfpDmf epaZT, ;vf vAdyaqgfkqf visfvYRpmf 'DtfT `Ekar ta]fdvmaDvT 'gfkQkfK etrinft vixymf.
;nft `Adyaqmf '[fb cgfkti 'pfepaZTEm ;pfpF oR tAlpf pdfcmak `AmvtilfAl. ;tbfK 'gfkqi[f ndtfAty<mf mAbMkma[ ;]kfkMmf ( unconscious connivance) kar]ikqf. Kbipfpak erab[fEra, l]fd[f Epa[fb epRmqv< tmizrfkqf vaZmf ;dgfkqilf cYMktftilf nAdepbfB vRmf EpadfFkqf, ccfcrv<kqf v[fMAbcf cmfpvgfkqf ;mfmatiriya[ pimfpgfkqf vqRvtbfK utv<ki[fb[. v[fMAb EvB, mbmf EvB. mbtftibfK critftir niyaymf u]fD. mbtftibffek[ oR trfmmf u]fD.;gfK tieptftiy `ktikqf pbfbi PBvT epaRtftmf. ;vrfkqf cI[ ~kfkirmikfK pi[f[rf `BpTkqilf, tlayf lamav<d[f evqiEybi ;nftiya vnft oR cibiyPdfdmf. ;vrfkQkfK ~gfkil `biv< KAbv<. AkpfepaRdfkqf ecyfvT, cmycf cdgfKkQkfK p>Ajtf tirviymf ecyftlf Epa[fb KFActf etaziAl vid nvI[ `biviylf carfnft etazilf Ndfp `biv< KAbv<. ;vrfkqf evqiEybi ulkmf 'gfKmf prnfT cil vRdgfkqiElEy Embfktftiy `biwrfkqff mdfdtftilf miKnft eclfvakfK epbfB vidfdarfkqf. ;vrfkqf NalfkAq evqiyiDvtbfK xmfpala Epa[fb evqiyIdfD tap[gfkQmf uRvaki vidfd[. tgfkQkfKtf etrinft vazfkfAk MAbkAq trfm enbikAq eca[f[arfkqf. `nft enbikqi[f vzi ni[f$rfkqf. ;vrfkqi[f ulkmf pbfbi haliv>df evbfbipf pdgfkQmf vnfT `vardf epbfB vidfd[. ;nftiy upk]fdtfAt Ecrfnftvrfkqi[f epaT `AdyaqtftiliRnfT ;vrfkqf evqiEyBvT ;ylfpak ndnfT vRkibT. nlflvrfkqf cilrf `vrfkQkfKqf ;RpfpT cibpfpa[ vixymf. klacfcartfti[f tkAmkfK "bfbvaB `Adyaqmf `AmvtbfK cYMkMmf `tbfK tKnft MAbyilf vazEv]fDmf. Kbipfp< `Dtft pkfkgfkqilff etadRkibT. parfdf 2, 3 Article continues down Part II click |
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" Wise man points his fingers at the moon and the fool looks at the finger "- Zen saying
Mail Author: C Kumara Bharathy
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